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The establishment of STEM CELL CROPRESERVATION LAB require a fund of about Rs 90 Laks .The society of cancer research is trying to arrange funds .Any one can support for this mission .STEM CELLCROPRESERVATION LAB as a dream to provide the facility to bank cord blood in Kashmir and to create awareness in rural area about stem cells and its application
Cryopreservation of Human Stem Cells for ClinicalApplication:
Stem cells havebeen used in a clinical setting for many years. Haematopoietic stem cells havebeen used for the treatment of both haematological and non-haematologicaldisease; while more recently mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrowhave been the subject of both laboratory and early clinical studies. Whilstthese cells show both multipotency and expansion potential, they nonetheless donot form stable cell lines in culture which is likely to limit the breadth oftheir application in the field of regenerative medicine. Human embryonic stemcells are pluripotent cells, capable of forming stable cell lines which retainthe capacity to differentiate into cells from all three germ layers. This makesthem of special significance in both regenerative medicine and toxicology.Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells may also provide a similar breadth ofutility without some of the confounding ethical issues surrounding embryonicstem cells. An essential pre-requisite to the commercial and clinicalapplication of stem cells are suitable cryopreservation protocols for long-termstorage. Whilst effective methods for cryopreservation and storage have beendeveloped for haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic cells andiPS cells have proved more refractory. This paper reviews the current state ofcryopreservation as it pertains to stem cells and in particular the embryonicand iPS cell.
The application of stem cells to treat human disease is by nomeans new. Bone marrow was first transplanted in the 1950s, although the firstmajor breakthrough came in 1968 with two reports of successful allogeneictransplantation in two patients: one with an X-linked lymphopenic immunedeficiency and the other with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. More recently, in 1988,the first successful transplant was performed using umbilical cord blood on achild with Fanconi's anaemia. Whether sourced from bone marrow, umbilical cordblood or, predominantly today from mobilised peripheral blood, thehaematopoietic stem cell has developed into the most common source of cells forcell-based therapies for both haematological and non-haematological disease. Arecent world-wide retrospective survey of haematopoietic stem celltransplantation (HSCT) from 1,327 participating centres in 71 countriesreported over 51,000 first HSCTs (43% allogeneic) for 2006, while the mostrecent activity survey from the European Group for Blood and MarrowTransplantation (EBMT), reporting for 2008, showed a total of over 30,000 HSCTsof which 90% were first transplants. Whilst the main indications werepredominantly for leukaemias and lymphomas, over 12% were for solid tumours andnon-malignant disorders.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
A second, separate non-haematopoietic stem cell population withmulti-lineage potential, residing in the bone marrow, was identified byFriedenstein et al. in 1976. These stromal cells, variously known asmesenchymal stem cells, marrow stromal stem cells, or mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs), are capable of differentiation to give rise to bone (osteocytes),cartilage (chondrocytes) and fat (adipocytes) when induced ex vivo. In additionto bone marrow, these cells have been reported in an increasing range oftissues including peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, placenta, amnioticfluid and membrane, dental pulp, deciduous teeth and adipose tissue.
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